



^<^ e/i^^L^IZZt^ 




6AC0N &, COMPANY, PRINTERS. 



H0US3S Built and Lots tor Sale 

ON THE 

^NTISELL TRACT 

To Suit. 

-A-pply A.n.tisell Ir*ia,no AVarelioxTse, 

Corner Market and Powell Streets. 



Fred. W. Beardslee, 

^'SD A.rchitect aS^ 

AND 

Dealer in Berkeley Beal Estate. 

Office, Cor. University and Shattuck Avenues, Berkeley, Cai. 
Agent for the " Fireman's Fund " Insurance Company of Calilornia. 
Plans, Specifications and Correct Estimates furnished tor all kinds of Buildings. 



For Sale at a Bargain. 

Kesidence and Business Property 

In all parts of Berkeley. Easy Terms. 

Also, some Very Desirable Property for Exchange. 

CHAS. A. BAILEY, 
Boom 13. 320 Sansome Street, San Francisco. 



F. K. Shattuck, 
Berkeley Heal Estate. 

Office, Berkeley Station and 467 9th St., Oakland. 



Berkeley Property a Speci 'lty. Farms Bought, Sold and Exchanged. 

Nathan C. Carnall, 

Dealer in Pteal Estate, 

Room 58. 320 Sansome Street, San Francisco, Cal. 



A DESCRIPTION 



OF THE TOWN OF 



BERKELEY 



WITH A- HISTORY OF THE 



UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



PRESENTING THE 



Natural and Acquired Advantages of a Most 
Attractive Place of Besidence. 



CXAJUJ^v. v^^ 









San Francisco : 

BACON & COMPANY, BOOK AND JOB PRINTERS, 

Comer Clay and Sansome Streets. 

i88i. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881, 

By E. S. Curtiss, 

in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, 
at Washington. 




SeAeley, it^ S^nvii'ori^ kud 2^dvki\tk.^e^. 



BY "WAY OP PREFACE. 

The town of Berkeley lies on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay, 
facing the Golden Gate. Behind it are the gentle acclivities of the coast 
range, broken by canons which reach far into its solitudes. The spires and 
mansions of the metropolis of the Pacific Coast rise in the distance. The 
ocean, which laps into the land between headlands and islands bristling with 
cannon, breaks softly along its meadows ; the cold sea-winds are agreeably 
attempered before they reach it ; the damp fogs touch it with their sun-gilt 
fringes, and, scarcely knowing whether to -smile or frown, hang in pictur- 
esque gloom about its hilltops. Seen from San Francisco on a bright spring 
afternoon, Berkeley seems a gray, ribbon-like strip, drawn close in between 
the water and the hills. More nearly observed, it expands into a broad slope, 
or tilted plain, with a rise so gradual that, in crossing it, one attains a con- 
siderable elevation before he is aware that he has left the level of the ocean. 
Hence, it has height without the effort of ascent, and those desirable accidents 
of height, pure air, and an ample prospect which includes plain, valley, moun- 
tain, inlet, island, and nearly every other incidental feature of earth, water, 
and atmosphere, considered essential to fine landscape. This natural pano- 
rama of San Francisco Bay and the adjacent hills is specially remarkable for 
a refined variety of outline and color, but the noblest effects are not wanting. 
The praise may seem extravagant, but it is not unmerited. It will bear em- 
phatic repetition. It is within easy proof that the locality unites in itself 
more elements of grace and beauty, of ease and comfort, of city refinement and 
rural convenience, than any suburban town elsewhere on the continent. It 
has cheap and easy transit. A perfectly equipped railroad, and a line of ferry- 
boats unsurpassed in size and speed, bring it within an hour's ride of San 
Francisco, a length of passage that will soon be shortened nearly one- half by 
changes and improvements already begun. Every characteristic advantage of 
the city is, therefore, placed at the disposal of the resident of Berkeley — shops, 
commercial facilities, theatres, churches, concerts, lectures, hotels, parks, and 
social gatherings. The city's active life is closely joined with the needful 
repose of the country. The educational advantages of the town are complete, 
having the elementary school at the base, and at the summit the State Uni- 
versity, whose curriculum is adequate to the best culture of the time. Be- 
tween these extremes are grammar schools, high schools, and private schools, 
intellectual advancement being so graduated that the pupil who begins his 
course of study in small-clothes may arrive at the dignity of a doctor's gown, 
without having left the family fireside. If this is not a royal road to learning, 
it is something akin to it. It removes every undesirable obstacle from the 
pathway of science. It supplies every essential and incentive to high cultiva- 
tion except mental force and physical energy. It permits the domestic circle 
to remain unbroken till the mind and character are fully prepared to cope 
with the rough experiences of the world. Amid these surroundings it is not 
difficult to make a home in the best sense of the term. The society is that of a 
university town, whose influence is great, and constantly extending. The 
climate is the perfection of the coast climate of California. The soil is a dark 
loam, rich, friable, and generously responsive to the attentions of the horticul- 
turist. Every tree, shrub, and flower known to the native or imported flora 
of the middle and north Pacific Coast, grows here in its amplest size, and fin- 



4 Berkeley 

est proportions. The "delicate" air of Macbeth's castle was arctic as com- 
pared with that of Berkeley in Spring and Autumn. Even the lightest frosts 
are almost unknown in the portion of the town used for residence, which lies 
in or near the stratum of air called "the warm belt," that extends like a 
girdle about the valleys embraced by the Coast Range and its hilly oflPshoots. 
Though so easy of access from San Francisco, Berkeley has hitherto seemed 
retired from the observation of the tourist and pleasure-seeker. Its story has 
been untold, and its charms unsung, while its neighbors have noisily pro- 
claimed their virtues in the ears of the world. It has lain serene at the foot 
of its hills, waiting its hour of appreciation, content to act as foster-mother to 
the youth of the State, and to be a center of scholarship to a select circle, 
while others carried off their transitory honors. But its usefulness to the 
State has been year by year increasing. It is now to receive a new impulse. 
It is to be borne forward on a new tide of events. It is to be brought nearer 
to the city, and into more intimate relations with the world at large. The 
time seems opportune for giving a simple and fair statement of the many 
moral, intellectual, and physical advantages which the town offers, and to 
such statement these few remarks may be considered as a preface. 

SLIGHTLY HISTORICAL. 

A town like Berkeley cannot be said to have a history. It has no 
bric-a-brac merit of antiquity. When California drew its first gold-hunting 
pioneers the locality was included in ranches held under Mexican land grants, 
and used for the simplest agricultural purposes. It scarcely tose to the dignity 
of bargain and sale. When San Francisco grew into a market of importance, 
and experiment showed the adaptability of the land for wheat-raising and 
miscellaneous culture, it became divided among a class of farmers, some of 
whom built permanent houses', while others occupied temporary abodes during 
seed-time and harvest. It was remote from the city, which could only be 
reached by a drive of six miles to Oakland, and a tedious trip by slow and un- 
certain steamers down San Antonio Creek, and across the Bay. When Oak- 
land became more easily accessible by the admirable system of local transport 
established by the Central Pacific Railroad Company, the natural beauties 
abounding in its neighborhood began to be appreciated. San Franciscans 
found the country so near that they could live in it, have all its health-giving 
qualities, and still retain the advantages of the metropolis. So Oakland grew 
into a city. The foothills of the Coast Range had hitherto been Delectable 
Mountains, on which sheep and cattle had freely pastured. They had only 
shown their tints of rose, purple, and silver-grey to the residents of the Bay 
City at an inconvenient distance. Having become approachable, the sheep 
and cattle were banished, the ranches were turned into lawns and parks, and 
the farm-houses into villas. Outlying real estate became valuable, and there 
was active competition in its purchase. As yet, however, localities having a 
wide prospect could only be reached by a ride of several miles from the near- 
est railway station. In 1868, the site of the State University was selected, 
and appropriately named Berkeley. At the nearest point to it on the bay was 
a small village called Ocean View, the name of which was afterward changed 
to West Berkeley. Hence ca,me the distinction between East and West Berke- 
ley, the former meaning the high and picturesque lands about the University, 
and the latter the western edge of the plateau near the shore of the bay. The 
two villages are under the same local government. They are connected by 
University avenue, a broad and handsome thoroughfare, set with trees, of 
which the new Town Hall soon to be erected will be one of the chief orna- 
ments. The town organization was effected in 1878. Its executive power is 
vested in a Board of Trustees, and a school board comprising six members, two 
of whom retire every year. The care taken in placing the best and most 
intelligent citizens in charge of school affairs indicates an earnest desire to 
keep the admirable system clean and perfect. The real life of the town dates 
from the location of the University, At that time several capitalists and gen- 
tlemen of professional prominence, having full faith in its future, bought 
property near the University domain as a permanent investment. Among 
these were George W. Beaver, Judge Blake, Mr. Hillegass, John B. Felton, 
Mr. Pioche, Mr. Willey, and John W. Dwindle, 



AND Its Environf 



SOCIETY AND GENERAL FEATURES. 

A more decided impulse was given to the growth of population when the 
University occupied the tirst of its completed buildings in 1873. Since then 
development has been rapid. A superior class of people have purchased prop- 
erty in the town, built substantial houses, and shoWn every intention of mak- 
ing it a permanent place of residence. It has been laid out systematically, 
streets have been tastefully named, and lawns, vacant lots, and thoroughfares 
have been set with ornamental trees. The University buildings have increased 
in number, the cluster of houses of which they are the nucleus has grown in 
size, neat churches and school-houses have been built, and the little knots of 
scattered cottages have spread and become a net-work of habitations covering 
the entire plateau. In 1878, by the aid of citizens, who subscribed $20,000, 
the local road was built from Oakland Point to Berryman's, bringing Berkeley 
in direct communication with San Francisco. Its completion was of great inter- 
est and importance to the town, for it gave every advantage hitherto possessed 
by Oakland. It leaves the bay at Shellmound, and ^follows, through the corpo- 
rate limits, the line of Shattuck avenue, a long and handsome thoroughfare 
named after one of the oldest citizens. The population, with the increase since 
the last census, will reach nearly three thousand. Thus far it is select and hom- 
ogeneous, characteristics which it will hereafter always maintain. The town is 
full of pleasant homes. Every one here can sit down, literally, under his own 
vine and fig-tree. The palm-tree in the desert and the great rock in a weary 
land, exquisite figures in oriental imagery, can scarcely be understood in a region 
with such a capacity for a vegetable production. The architecture of Berkeley 
houses is free and of great variety. It is not limited in regard to style. Touches 
of the rennaissance are mingled with traces of the time of Queen Anne, out- 
lines of the Swiss chalet, and ideas that are strictly modern and Californian. 
The learned professor lives in a trellised cottage surrounded by a lawn filled 
with evergreens, roses, and exotics. The capitalist whose business is in the 
city builds with equal taste, but with more architectural ambition. The 
most exacting taste can be suited in respect of location. Those who select the 
hillsides command a view of the town, and the wide panorama of the bay ; 
while those who choose to live further down the plateau can see both the 
bay and the hills. No residence can be so closely shut in by its neighbors as 
to be deprived of a broad outlook. Among the more conspicuous residences 
are those of the Messrs. Palmer, situated at the entrance to Strawberry canon 
on what Prof. Le Conte calls a terminal moraine, and at an elevation of not 
less than three hundred and fifty feet above tide water. Houses and grounds 
are in excellent taste. The prospect from the point is superb. In the same 
part of the town are the substantial and elegant houses of George F. Becker, 
Mrs. M. Z. Chamberlain, Prof. George Goodall, George D. Dornin, President 
John Le Conte, and in this or adjacent neighborhoods are the houses of George 
W. Hopkins, Walter E. Sell, Mr. Chadwick, F. K. Shattuck, Kobert E. C. 
Stearns, E. J. Wickson, of the Rural Press, William T. Welcker, and J. L. 
Barker. These houses have varied pretensions to architectural appearance, 
but all are prepossessing in style, and rendered more attractive by ornamental 
surroundings. The professors of the University live in different neigh- 
borhoods. They are all well housed, and in much the' same style as regards 
cottage architecture and floral environment. The air of refinement and good 
keeping about nearly every place in the village, whether it is the home of 
wealth or of moderate means, evinces a local pride that animates the entire 
population. 

SYSTEMATIC ORNAMENTATION. 

An association for the promotion of neighborhood improvements has re- 
cently been formed in that portion of the town lying south of University 
Avenue and east of the west line of Shattuck's ranch. Its objects are specified 
as follows in its own formal statement : 

" The objects of the association are to promote the improvement and ornamentation of 
the streets, stations, and public places of this locality, by planting and cultivating trees, 
establishing and maintaining walks, grading and draining roadways, clearing the roads and 



6 Berkeley 

mdewalks of unsightly weeds and rubbish, promoting the Introduction of water and the 
utilization of the same for sprinkling the roads; the consideration and promotion of such a 
«ystem of sewerage as may be best adapted for the sanitary condition of the town; encour- 
<iBging system, order, and tidiness, and generally to do whatever may tend to the improvement 
•of the town of Berkeley as a place of residence." 

Although the planting season of 1880-81 was well advanced when the 
association was organized, very gratifying progress has been made in enlisting 
the active co-operation of the intelligent people of the neighborhood. In every 
direction vacant lots are being fenced, shade-trees and ornamental hedges 
planted, and street improvements projected. The association encourages the 
substitution of graceful deciduous trees for the sidewalks, in place of the blue 
gum and other varieties of eucalypti, in order to secure the much needed sun- 
shine during the rainy season. They have procured in quantities certain trees, 
and recommended where they shall be x>lauted. Several hundred varieties, in- 
cluding the wild elm, silver maple, tulip tree, ash, Carolina poplar, and box elder, 
have been already planted along the principal streets, and in many places have 
replaced the blue gums, whose profusion was giving a certain monotony to the 
landscape. The I) wight Way railroad station has been surrounded by a neat 
fence, and a park of evergreen trees a quarter of an acre in extent. The lay- 
ing out and planting are the work of the association. An avenue of evergreens 
is projected, to run along each side of the railroad, from the southern limit of 
the town to Strawberry Creek ; it is the intention to encourage the substitution 
of evergreen hedges for the usual fences of boards or white palings, and thereby 
give a parklike appearance to the neighborhood. The association has, there- 
fore, offered $25 for the handsomest ornamental hedge that will serve as a 
division fence, Monterey cypress being barred from competition. George D. 
Dornin has also offered, through the association, a prize of $20 for the hand- 
somest hedge of Monterey cypress on a lot of 100 feet or over, and an addi- 
tional prize of $15 for a similar hedge on a lot of 50 feet. The shrubs are, in 
all cases, to be of the season's planting. The prizes are to be awarded by a 
committee, composed of the President of the University, the Professor of agri- 
culture, and the President of the Board of Education, at the annual meeting of 
the Association, to be held on the 30th of May, 1881. As supplemental to the 
material work of the organization, there will be a course of monthly lectures. 
The initial address of the course was delivered in January, by William C. 
Bartlett of the San Francisco Bulletin, upon the " Ideal Village. " The fol- 
lowing additional from the graceful pen of Mr. Bartlett was printed in the 
Bulletin of March 19th, 1880, and happily introduces the new movement : 

A NE'WSPAPER COMPLIMENT. 

" The citizens of that part of Berkeley south of the University grounds have taken in- 
itatory steps for the formation of an association to encourage neighborhood improvements. 
Berkeley occupies one of the most attractive town sites in the entire State. Its elevation, 
natural slope, its backing of hills and its frontage upon the bay are some of its great natural 
advantages. Town improvements have progressed slowly, partly because there were few 
people to make them, and partly because these few were occupied, to a large extent, with the 
erection of homesteads for themselves. Yet something has been done. The town has been 
laid out with care. Streets have been graded, and many more exist on paper. The University 
proper, and improvements on the upper side of the town, represent nearly a million dollars. 
These grounds are naturally isolated from the town proper, and the primitive condition is 
not a cause for any special complaint, seeing that nature has made them very attractive. 
There has not, up to this date, so far as we can learn, ever been siich an association as a 
town or neighborhood rural improvement society organized in this State. No better place 
could be chosen for the organization of the first one, than Berkeley. The first association of 
this kind in the United States was formed at Stockbridge. Massachusetts, about forty years 
ago. It is, in .some sense, the parent of nearly one hundred rural associations which have 
since been formed in this country. Premising that th^ first one on the Pacitic Coast will bQ 
the one about to be organized at Berkeley, it is probable that this will be the paren^^ of a 
numerous oflftipring on this side of the country. The practical demonstration will go a great 
way. Many people want to see for themselves how the thing is done. In the fiirst place, 
cultivation of a taste for village improvement goes a great way. Local pride, when rightly 
directed, is a good thing. A foreigner once remarked in passing through a beautiful town in 
New England: * The people talk about tbis town as if there were not another in the whole 
country.' There is the conservative side of the rural associations, which often does a great 
deal in preventing encroachments upon street lines, the location of unsightly establishments, 
waste, and destruction of trees and other natural objects. The vandal has a numerous fol- 
lowing in every town. He is only made harmless by showing him a more excellent way. 
He will come to think some day, that to cut down trees and whitewash the stumps is not the 



AND Its Environs. 7 

best way to improve or adorn a village. At Santa Cruz, about eighteen years ago, a row of 
Mission willows, extending from the lower plaza through the main street of the town down 
nearly to the beach, were destroyed. The vandal was let loose, and those historical trees, 
nearly a hundred years old, one of the mott interesting objects in the whole town, disap- 
peared as so much worthless rubbish. The willow trees on the Alameda, between San Jose 
and Santa ( lara, were carefully preserved, and that avenue to-day is the most interesting 
tbree-mile drive in the State. Berl^eley is just now in a new state; not the people, for they 
have culture and all that. But the University town wants an association to look after it, and 
to see that the streets are graded in conformity to the physical features of the town site ; 
that sidewalks are graded; that trees are set along the main streets ; that water is applied to' 
the main thoroughfares to keep down the dust ; that a small reservation is saved for a park, 
or a roadway made up among the Mils where a small park might be reserved ; a fountain or 
two would also help to heighten the rural effect. Those who become members of such a 
society, would not la' k anything by way of suggestion. A dozen persons, men and women, 
are enough to start such a society, and to give it the first assurance of success. Nothing goes 
without labor and a great deal of patience in this country. But teaching by example is 
one of the most effective means ever employed to influence a whole community Once let 
the spirit of rural improvement pervade it, and more than half the hard work is really done, 
For the re.'^t, it will be a labor of love — a perpetual interest to both old and young. And the 
more the town is improved, the stronger will be the desire to keep the ball rolling, until 
finally the town is the pride and joy of all right-minded people who live in it. If Berkeley 
will lead off successfully in tho matter, the work will not stop in that pleasant town." 

The folio-wing constitute the Executive Committee of the Association for 
the current year: George D. Dornia, President; E. J. Wickson, Mrs. C. T. 
H. Palmer, Vice Presidents ; George W. Kline, Secretary and Treasurer ; Miss 
S. I. Shuey, M, D., Corresponding Secretary; H. A. Palmer, Prof. W. T. 
"Welcker, Leonard Goss, J. L. Barker, Geo. W. Hopkins, J. B. Whitcorab. 

The annual meetings of the Berkeley Association are to be held on the 
30th of May, (Decoration Day) which, being a holiday, will enable all to par- 
ticipate in the picnic festival with which it is intended to combine the official 
work of the meeting. 

INDIVIDUAL IMPROVEMENTS. 

Although the existence of the association is so brief, it has already set 
nearly one thousand trees, and stands ready to furnish at simple cost as many 
more as their fellow-citizens may desire to use for public or private decoration. 
Others have shown similar pride in arboriculture. There is scarcely a vacant 
lot without its quota of evergreen and deciduous trees in the more compact por- 
tions of the town, which is rapidly becoming a forest from the south line at Shell- 
mound and Oakland to the limits of Contra Costa County on the north. It is 
impoa«ible to look in any direction without seeing groups of eucalypti and 
Lom hardy poplars, masses of pines, spruces, cedars, and cypresses, interspersed 
with meadows, fruit-orchards, and nearly every variety of tree peculiar to 
northern and southern forests. Many of the trees are young, but five years 
will give them more height and spread than would tvventy years in the States 
east of the Kocky Mountains. The pride which private gentlemen have taken 
in this ornamentation is highly creditable. Those holding lauds in large 
quantities have shown the same commendable spirit. The house of F. K. 
Shattuck is surrounded by trees, shrubbery, and flowers of many kinds, to 
which constant additions are made by the importation of new seeds and plants 
from the East. The estate of J. L. Barker is thickly planted with trees dis- 
tributed with great discrimination and regard for landscape effect. The 
warm nook occupied by the house and grounds of H. B. Berryman is filled 
with rare trees and flowers, which have been sown and reared with extreme 
care. The property of T. M. Antisell has on it several thousand thrifty 
trees, handsome hou.ses, surrounded by neat hedges, and graded streets with 
sidewalk and sewer-pipe. The elevated property of George W. Beaver, lying 
a few blocks south of the University, and along the west side of Telegraph 
avenue, has recently been surveyed, intersected with streets, and fairly covered 
with ornamental treeg. Improvements either completed or in progress are to 
be seen on every hand. So general are they, that the new-comer can hardly 
purchase a lot near or remote from the center of the town that has not' on it 
the beginnings of a home in the form of shrubs and growing trees. There is a 
prevailing air of newness, but that is inseparable from a town where improve- 
ments are so many, and so complete in design. 



Berkeley 



HOW BERKELEir IS REACHED. 

There are no more delightful suburban rides than those on the numerous 
short routes that diverge from San Francisco to points about the bay. One of 
the most attractive of them is to Berkeley. The passenger is conveyed to 
Oakland on one of the superb boats of the Central Pacific Railroad Company, 
and thence by train along the eastern side of the bay to Shellmound, where 
the road leaves the shore and ascends the incline toward the University. The 
whole trip is attractive, bringing into view successively the bay and islands, 
a rural region of surpassing beauty, and the Coast Range, whose sides, with 
their shifting lights, run through a complete gamut of color. The distance 
is less than eleven miles, and the time occupied about one hour. The new 
buildings on the mole, and direct trains, will soon shorten the time to forty 
minutes, or just that consumed in reaching Broadway Station in Oakland. In 
other words, the hills will be soon brought as near at all hours of the day and 
evening as the central portion of our largest J suburban city. So much will be 
accomplished by the Central Pacific. Other lines will soon make other neigh- 
borhoods of Berkeley accessible, and the time still shorter. The South Pacific 
Coast railroad, which is just opening its line to Fourteenth Street, in Oakland, 
has purchased the franchise of the Oakland and Berkeley dummy line, and 
will probably ere long run its cars to the University, making the hills from 
East Oakland to its terminus as easy of access as a western or southern suburb 
of San Francisco. A direct ferry line to West Berkeley is almost certain to be 
soon established, either by the California and Nevada Narrow Gauge, which 
already has a franchise, or the Atlantic and Pacific, which seems about to 
miake up its mind to take that place as the Pacific Coast terminus and point of 
entrance to San Francisco. Either of these arrangements would be of decided 
advantage to both East and West Berkeley ; to the western portion of the 
town in increasing its manufactures and general business, and to the eastern 
part of the town in bringing to it to reside not only the people from abroad 
who desire a handsome and healthy locality with superior educational facili- 
ties, but the men of West Berkeley who wish to leave the dust, smoke, and 
grime of their daily toil for a neighborhood with purer air and ampler pros- 
pect. A direct ferry line involves a local road to East Berkeley. The time of 
boats between the San Francisco wharf and Berkeley landing should not 
exceed twenty minutes ; the time from the University ten minutes more, or 
including the transfer of passengers, the hills should be reached in thirty-five 
minutes after leaving San Francisco. 

NEW BUILDINGS AND EASY TRANSFER. 

The new buildings of the Central Pacific, intended to accommodate the 
local travel, are the best on the continent devoted to similar purpose. They 
stand at the end of the mole, a mile and a half from Oakland Point. There are 
five distinct structures closely grouped and unified after a general architectural 
design. The main building, which stands partly on the piling and partly on 
the mole, is 450 feet in length by 120 feet in width, and 60 in height. It is 
intended to accommodate the overland travel and the Berkeley trains, which 
will run hereafter direct to their destination without the inconvenient change. 
It stands midway the mole, and directly fronting the slip which receives the 
boats. The Overland and Berkeley passengers are received and discharged 
directly to and from the boats by means of a convenient passageway and broad 
apron. This building, not being long enough to cover the overland trains, is 
supplemented by two smaller sheds, each 48x330 feet, which extend up the mole 
from its eastern end. The sheds for the Oakland trains begin on either side of 
the main building, and extend far beyond its western extremity along the arms 
of the slip. They are each 660 feet in length by 60 feet in width, and like the 
central building, have roofs of glass and corrugated iron supported by trusses. 
These roofs are in crescent shape, and give to the eastern and western eleva- 
tions a symmetrical outline. Seventy feet of the western interior of the main 
structure is set apart for local offices, and rooms necessary to the comfort of 
travellers. These are arranged on the main floor, and on a second floor four- 



AND Its Environs. 9 

teen feet above it. The broad area of the second floor, 120x70 feet, is almost 
entirely occupied by a waiting-room for local passengers. On the east side of 
it, and directly over the passage-way through which the overland passengers 
pass to and from the boat, are the Superintendent's and other necessary offices. 
The first floor under it is variously divided. On the east side is a waiting-room 
120 feet long by 40 feet wide ; along the north side of the main passageway to 
the lower deck is a restaurant 50x3u ; elsewhere on the floor are store-rooms, 
and means of exit for east-bound travellers. The means for receiving and dis- 
charging passengers are ingenious and adequate. All trains come in on the 
south side, and depart on the north. The Oakland train comes down 
the west side of the mole, and discharges its passengers, who enter one 
of several gates, pass up a stairway fifty feet wide into their waiting- 
room ; or if they desire to smoke, pass into the lower waiting-room with 
the class of travelers who usually occupy the deck of the ferry-boat. As 
soon as the in-coming boat is made fast, those in the upper waiting- 
room are admitted to a gallery at the southwest corner which leads to 
a tower on the starboard bow where they cross by a gangway to the upper 
deck. Those below are admitted to the boat by the a;^on a moment later, after 
the lower deck is cleared. Meanwhile the east-bound passengers are passing off 
the upper deck by a similar gangway, tower and gallery at the larboard bow, 
or from the lower deck by the apron of the boat, and the passages on the first 
floor to the train waiting in the north shed to receive them. Scarcely a minute 
is consumed in the transfer. The loaded train passes up the mole, and the 
empty train, whose passengers have just taken the ferry boat, is hauled out of 
the south shed and switched into the north, where it is locked up until the 
arrival of the next boat from San Francisco. By this method of transfer the 
cars are kept empty and clean for legitimate travel, and the small boys, roughs, 
and lovelorn hoodlums, who have hitherto been wont to spend their abundant 
leisure in riding between the Oakland stations and the end of the wharf, 
will be compelled to seek other pastime. The buildings are of wood and 
solidly constructed, with posts thirty feet apart. Each post rests on an iron 
bed-plate, the bed-plate on a concrete pier, and the pier on a cluster of piles 
driven throiigh the mole to a depth below the water line. More than one-third of 
the roof is glass, which admits ample light to the interior. The main build- 
ing has large windows overlooking the roofs of the local sheds, and so near 
together as to be continuous for the entire circuit. There is a row of windows 
on the outer sida at the height of the car windows, giving local passengers all 
necessary illumination. The buildings are separated by high palings, and 
the various rooms by suitable partitions. Persons can pass from one room to 
another, or gain access to the restaurant, by showing their tickets at any one of 
the gates. Overland and Berkeley passengers can reach the upper local wait- 
ing-room by stairways from the floor of the central buildings, if they desire, 
and pass thence to the upper deck of the boat. G-ates and gate-keepers are ac- 
cording to the ebb and flow of travel. Eleven tracks are laid upon the mole. 
The mole was constructed under the direction of the engineers of the Central 
Pacific Railroad Company, the buildings under the superintendence of Arthur 
Brown, who has charge of the department of buildings and bridges. The entire 
work has been accomplished at an expense of half a millon dollars. It is the 
most important and significant single scheme of improvement ever undertaken 
on the shores of the Bay of San Francisco. 

DRIVES AND PLACES OP RESORT. 

Interesting localities are not wanting in the neighborhood of the Univer- 
sity town. The roads in all directions are good in the season, and all com- 
mand a fine prospect. It is a charming drive from Berkeley to Oakland by 
way of Telegraph Avenue, and thence to Alameda or toward San Leandro. 
The roads leading up the many canons into the Coast Range, and even to its 
summit, are all pleasant and romantic. A new drive along the foot of the 
hills from Oakland to the University will soon be completed. A more magnif- 
icent plan for constructing an avenue, two hundred feet in width, along the 
side of the Coast Range, at an altitude of six hundred feet, has been for some 



10 Berkeley 

time discussed, and will ere many years take definite shape. Such an avenue, 
properly laid out and suitably ornamented, with its superb and ever changing 
views of land and water, would be the finest in the world. Oakland offers to 
Berkeley its shops, churches, and all its numerous places of resort, which will 
be brought within a fifteen-minutes ride on the completion of the South Pacific 
Coast local line. Alameda, with its pleasant streets and sea-bathing, is scarcely 
more distant. Piedmont springs are within an easy drive, and the fair and 
fertile district of which San Pablo is the center lies just beyond the point 
where the Coast Eange decends to the shore of the bay. 

SANITARY CONDITIONS. 

The sanitary conditions of the town depend severally on excellent drain- 
age, neighborhood of the sea, absence of malarial vapors, evenness of tem- 
parature, superior quality of water used for drinking, and general freedom 
from the class of winds regarded as unhealthy. The north winds are the most 
troublesome, but they are the exceptional air-currents of the year. The south- 
east gales strike the town ^ith some force, but they are moist, healthful, and 
desirable. The trade winds impinge upon the shore of the bay with greatest 
violence near Shellmound. They are diminished in strength as they approach 
the hills, and in keenness by the layers of still air along the foot and in the 
canons of the Coast Range, which are warmed by the sun during the long 
pleasant afternoons. Often when San Francisco and other towns about the bay 
are enshrouded in fogs, Berkeley has its milder airs and its unclouded skies 
and starlight. The district for which the following table has been prepared 
includes the University buildings and grounds, the populous neighborhoods 
for a mile north and south of them, and has for its western limit a north and 
80uth line about half way between East and West Berkeley. The population 
within this area is about 1,300. The list covers a period of two years. It may 
be considered approximately accurate as regards cases, and almost absolutely 
correct in respect of the number of deaths. 

Iv'o. No. No. No. 

Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths, 

Small-pox Diphtheria 5 

Scarlet Fever 9 Tonsiletic and Throat Diseases 18 

Malignant Scarlet Fever Pneumonia 6 

Typhoid Fever 8 Whooping Cough 25 

Typhus Fever 6 Consumption 2 2 

Malarial Fever 2 Pleuro-pneumonia 1 1 

Tvpho-malarial Fever 3 Convulsions 1 1 

Bilious Fever (notknown) Diarrhoea 10 

Cholera Infantum 1 1 Measles 

F>ysipelas 4 Inflammation of Liver 1 1 

Kidney Disease 5 Heart Disease 2 1 

Croup 5 General Debility 2 1 

Bronchitis 10 Spinal Disease 2 1 

DEATHS BY ACCIDENT. 

UpontheKail 1 Poison 1 

Strangulation 1 Gunshot Wound 1 

Suicide 1 

Of the cases of consumption, it is only necessary to say that both were 
recent arrivals. One of the patients came to Berkeley a week before his death. 
The scarlet fever is invariably of mild type, and yields quickly to treatment. 
The same may be said of fevers of whatsoever kind. Diphtheria is extremely 
rare. Diseases of the throat, although not rare, scarcely pass beyond the form 
of simple cold. There has never been an epidemic in the town. The death- 
rate shown by these figures is phenomenal. Including deaths by accident, it 
is but 7 per annum in 1300, or a little over 5 in a thousand. In Oakland it 
averages from 14 to 20 in the thousand, and about the same in San Francisco, 
The following figures, taken from a comparative table of vital statistics, show 
the deaths per thousand in the cities specified for the year 1879: 

Boston 20.49 Chicago 17,23 

Belfast, Ireland 31.00 Newark, N, J 24.93 

Breslau, Germanv 30,65 Buflfalo 12.12 

London, England 23.3 Milwaukee 15.8 

St. Louis 12.33 New^ Orleans 28.65 

Baltimore 19,30 Richmond, Va 20.10 

Liverpool 26.9 San Francisco 18.5 

Milan 29.5 



*AND Its Environs. 11 



MATTERS OF CONVENIENCE AND PRIVILEGE. 

Berkeley is well supplied with water of the best quality. You can hardly 
penetrate the hills anywhere without finding it perfectly pure, and ready to 
burst forth at the touch, A few years since some Frenchmen who were tun- 
neling- for coal in Telegraph Canon struck a large body, which has been flow- 
ing a sis-inch stream ever since. This supply is about to be utilized and dis- 
tributed through the town in a systematic way, from a capacious reservoir one 
hundred feet in diameter, hewn from a solid rock on a hill near the Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum. Certain portions o^ the town are furnished from Berryman's 
reservoir, which also derives a supply of excellent water from a tunnel in the 
hills. The University has had what it has needed hitherto from springs at the 
head of Strawberry creek. There is enough water in the Berkeley hills to 
supply a city of one hundred thousand inhabitants. ' Gas mains are being laid, 
and a gasometer placed by the Oakland Gas Company for lighting streets and 
residences. The town is as well supplied with churches as with schools, the 
Presbyterians, Methodists, Congregationalists, and Catholics all being repre- 
sented, and all having neat and commodious church edifices. With schools of 
every grade, churches of every denomination, water and gas in every house, 
marvelous beauty of nature on every side, and a railroad to nearly every door, 
Berkeley certainly is rich in moral and physical advantages. What the 
country does not supply, the great city reaches out its generous hands across 
the water to liberally furnish. 

Though the prospect of the town's rapid growth has given a speculative 
value to property, lots and houses centrally located can still be purchased at 
reasonable figures. Indulgent capitals stand always ready to assist purchasers 
who desire to make a partial payment on the transfer and give the rest in 
monthly installments. Lots are sold and houses erected on this plan. Lots 
can be bought at from $100 to $500, and houses erected thereon at from $500 
to $8,000. Monthly installments are made easy, and five years will be allowed 
for the final payment. Lots are from 30 to 50 feet wide by 135 feet deep, and 
there is a wide choice in location, from the slightly inclined portions of the 
plateau to the hillside five hundred feet above tide-water. 

TOVTN OFFICERS. 

The following officers were chosen at the recent town election : 

Trustees.— A. McKinstry, William Poinsette, Thomas Hann, Jas. Brannan, C. W.DaTis. 
Sclioool Directors.— Martin Kellogg, President; Geo. D. Dornin, H. A. Palmer, Henrv 
Kastens. H. McCaskell. 

Clerk.- Jas. H. Byrne. 

Assessor. — P. Monroe. 

Treasurer.— L. Gotshall. 

Marshal.— Til om as Knox. 

Justices of the Peace.— C. N. Terry, D. H. Lord. 

Constables.— Juo. F. Teague, Alex. Hellows. 

ALTITUDES ABOVE TIDE-WATEK. 

Feet. Feet. 

HouseofJ.L. Barker Ifii Oilman Street and Shattuck Avenue 281 

Dwight Way Station 16H West Line University GroiTnds 2C6 

House of F. K. Shattuck m ^ollege Terrace. . . 3U8 

Berkeley Station 184 West Line Antisell Tract 2.)3 

University and Shattuck Avenues 188 House of H. B. Berryman ^»i 

Berryman's Station 253 East Line Antisell Tract 475 



12 Berkeley. 



I<ibei^kl 5<dudktiorikl ^dvkntk^e^. 



SKETCH or THE UNIVERSITY. 

No learned institution more truly deserves the title of Alma Mater than 
the University of California. It is the consort of the State, and the foster- 
mother of its sons and daughters. Its blessings fall equally on high and low, 
rich and poor. None are excluded from its classes on account of age, sex, or 
condition. It resembles, in its wide scope, the German universities, to whose 
lecture-rooms students return year after year until they are grey-haired. It 
is ample in scientific attainment, comprehensive in literary culture, and by its 
practical devices reaches every department of ordinary life. It has been re- 
marked that California begins every scheme of civilization and improvement 
where others leave off. We avoid the errors, and accept the wise conclusions 
of all who have gone before us. In accordance with this principle, when Cal- 
ifornia framed a constitution, she laid the foundation of her government so 
broad as to include a university, furnishing a culture complete in extent, and 
available for all. This was to be the crowning stone of the educational pyra- 
mid. Things were so shaped as to take advantage of extraneous aid offered by 
the nation, or by individuals. In 1853, Congress gave to the States seventy- 
two sections of land for the establishment of a fund for seminaries of learning, 
and ten sections of land to provide suitable buildings for such institutions as 
that provision might call into being. In 1862, through the Morrill Act, a 
special gift of land was made for the purpose of establishing schools of agri- 
culture and the mechanic arts. This being apportioned pro rata, gave to Cal- 
ifornia a magnificent domain of 150,000 acres. It was the practical period in 
American life, when thought, tired of pure classicism, tended toward those 
courses of study that would not only educate the brain, but the hand, the foot, 
the eye, and every physical function which would help to make the student a 
self-supporting man or woman. The land found a good market, bringing five 
dollars an acre ; a result only achieved by one other State. It has all been 
paid for, and passed under the control of the buyers. It was then flush times 
in California, and the demand for money permitted the investment of all the 
spare funds at ten per cent. Trustees were appointed to control the inchoate 
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, who met in Sacramento, June 10th. 
1867, and decided that it should be located somewhere in Alameda County. 
This brought the scheme within the sphere of the College of California, which 
had received its charter in 1855, and had, since 1860, been leading a precari- 
ous existence in Oakland. This school was not sectarian, though it was nom- 
inally under the control of the Presbyterians and Congregationalists. It ad- 
mitted Unitarians to its executive board. But it occupied no special place in 
public appreciation. It was too denominational to please the most liberal 
patnjiis of education, and not strict enough for those who wished their chil- 
dren reared imder church influence. It was in charge of Mr. Henry Durant, 
a graduate of Yale College, where he had been a classmate of Dr. Horace 
Bushnell, the celebrated New England divine. At one time he had been a 
tutor at Yale, and afterward principal of an academy at Byfield, Massachu- 
setts. The College of California had accumulated considerable property by 
gift or purchase, a part of which comprised one hundred and sixty acres of 
land north of Oakland, in the foothills of Contra Costa County. ^ The time 
seemed to Dr. Durant opportune for uniting his languishing institution 
with the well endowed Agricultural and Mechanical College, and mak- 



Educational Advantages. 13 

ing of the two a great practical school, satisfactory to the scientist and 
the average citizen. Therefore, the domain in the foothills was transferred 
to the Agricultural College, on the sole condition that it should maintain a 
department of letters. Of this union of ideas came the University as it exists. 
The founding of a seminary of advanced learning on the western shore of the 
American Continent, from whose windows could be seen the vast expanse of 
the Pacific Ocean, suggested to those engaged in the project the famous line 
of Berkeley. 

" Westward the course of Empire takes its way." 

Hence, the site received the name of the author of the poetic prophesy, and 
it will add lustre to it as the years increase its fame and influence. Dr. Bush- 
nell interested himself in the scheme, but had nothing to do with the selection 
of the site ; for this, Dr. Durant may be considered as chiefly responsible. The 
beauty of the locality began to be appreciated, and many gentlemen, smitten 
with the prospect, and foreseeing a brilliant future for the town, bought neigh- 
boring property ; and in some cases, regardless of the distance of railroad com- 
munications, went daily back and forth to the city. 

PRELIMINARY LEGISLATION. 

The responsibility for the changes made, and the real paternity of the 
University, have been much discussed. So much of the credit as is embraced 
in the surrender of the College of California and the transfer of its property, is 
due to Dr. Durant, whose action was kind and considerate. Here his inter- 
vention in the work of organization ceases. The time found many men 
animated by the proper degree of public spirit, intelligent, wide of view, and 
fitted for so important an undertaking ; among them were Gov. Henry H. 
Haight, Lt. Gov. Holden, Hon. E. H. Heacock of Sacramento, Hon. John S. 
Hager of San Francisco, Hon. Henry Robinson of Alameda, Hon. W. L. Ang- 
ney of Santa Clara, Hon. Isaac Ayer of Calaveras, Hon. W. S. Green of Colusa, 
and Rev. Dr. Benton of Oakland. Judge Hager is still interested in the 
University, as regent. The necessary legislation was framed by John W. 
Dwindle, who had no model from which to deduce his scheme, and was 
obliged to depend on a rough draft made by four of the trustees of the College 
of California. The results have been eminently satisfactory, the organic act 
having nobly stood the test of twelve years' work and criticism. The following 
may serve as a memorandum of the various proceedings, legislative and other- 
wise, which preceded the opening of the University : 

The Act of Congress which appropriated public lands to create a Seminary 
and Building Fund was approved March 3rd, 1853. 

The Act of Congress which gave. 150,000 acres of public land for establish- 
ing a College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts was approved July 2nd, 
1862. 

The donation was accepted by the Legislature of California, by a concurrent 
resolution, March 31st, 1864. 

April 22nd, 1863, the Legislature of California appointed a Board of Com- 
missioners to report on the feasibility of establishing a State University, which 
should include an Agricultural College and School of Mines. 

The Board of Comnaissioners shortly afterward reported in favor of es- 
tablishing a State Museum and School of Practical Science as a branch of the 
State University. 

An Act to establish a School of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts was 
approved March 31st, 1866. 

June 2l8t, 1867, the Board met at Sacramento, and located the Agricul- 
tural College in Alameda County. 

In August, 1867, the President and Board of Trustees of the College of 
California formally offered to the College of Agriculture 160 acres of land at 
Berkeley. 

The proposition was accepted, and the lands were conveyed directly to the 
State at a meeting held shortly afterward. 

The general Act not being deemed sufficient, on March 5th, 1868, the "Bill 



14 tJERKELET, 

to organize the University of California" was introduced into the Assembly 
by its author, John W. Dwinelle. 

This Bill became a law by the approval of Gov. Haight, March 23rd, 1868. 

The Board of Regents of the University was organized June 9th, 1868. 

ORGANIZATION EFFECTED. 

In accordance with the organic act, the Board of Regents was composed of 
twenty-two members, of whom the following were ex-officio : The Governor 
and Lieutenant Governor of California, the Speaker of the Assembly, the State 
Superintendent of Public Instruotion, the President of the State Agricultural 
Society, and the President of the Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco. Of 
the remaining sixteen, eight were to be appointed by the Governor, with the 
approval of the State Senate, and eight were to be honorary members, chosen 
from the body of the State by the official and appointed members. At a meet- 
ing of the Board, June 9th, 1868, Gen. George B. McClellan was elected Presi- 
dent of the University, but being at that time in charge of the Stevens' 
Battery, he declined the honor. At a meeting held the following day, Prof. 
John Le Conte was unanimously elected to the chairs of Physics and Indus- 
trial Mechanics. On the Ist of December other chairs were filled as follows : 
Ancient Languages, Martin Kellogg ; Chemistry, R. A. Fisher ; Geology, 
Botany, and Natural History, Joseph Le Conte. In January, 1869, Gov. 
Haight, in accordance with the request of the Board, telegraphed Prof. John 
Le Conte that his presence was desired to confer with the Regents in respect 
to courses of study, the purchase of apparatus, and other important details. 
Prof. Le Conte left South Carolina on the 24th of February, and having visited 
New York, arrived in San Francisco on the 3rd of April. He at once pro- 
ceeded, in conjunction with the Committee on Instruction, to prepare the 
synopsis of a course of study appropriate to the colleges of the University, 
which were five in number, namely : 

1. A College of Agriculture. 

2. A College of Mechanic Arts. 

3. A College of Civil Engineering. 

4. A College of Mining. 

5. A College of Letters. 

In the meantime. Prof. Fisher was sent to Europe to purchase physical 
and chemical apparatus. In order to facilitate the labors of Prof. Le Conte, 
he was made Acting President. Being requested by the Board, he prepared a 
prospectus which contained a complete schedule of study for the five colleges, 
and an announcement of the opening of the scholastic exercises on the 23rd of 
September. The University began its labors in accordance with this announce- 
ment in the buildings of the College of California in Oakland, taking from the 
classes of its predecessor about ten pupils. It remained there until it gradu- 
ated its own senior class. The first graduating exercises were held in June, 
1873, in a church in Oakland. The new bixildings were occupied the next 
September. Prof. Le Conte had the active co-operation of Mr. Dwindle dur- 
ing the arduous work of organization. He acted as president for more than a 
year, presided at the first commencement exercises, and conferred the first 
degrees on a graduating class of three, who had been advanced students in 
the College of California. During his incumbency several measures of vital 
importance were taken, among which were the selection of suitable building- 
plans, making tuition free, the adoption of the Rules of Order and General 
Regulations of which he was the author, and the affiliation of the medical 
college through the liberal gift of Dr. Toland. D. C. Gilraan, a tutor in Yale 
College, was elected President June 2l8t, but declining. Dr. Durant was chosen, 
and assumed office in August. Dr. Durant retained the position until the re- 
election and acceptance of Mr. Gilman, July 20th, 1872. The most important 
change occurring during Mr. Gilman's administration was the modification of 
the organic act, which made Chemistry a distinct college, and the division of 
the College of Letters into two courses called the Classical and the Literary. 
When Mr. Gilman resigned the presidency in March, 1875, to take charge of 
the Johns Hopkins University in Maryland, he was succeded by Prof. John Le 



Educational Advantages. 15 

Conte, who was first chosen Acting President, and at the expiration of three 
moaths elected President, which position he has since occupied. 

THE UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS. 

The buildings are sufficiently spacious and convenient for the present needs 
of the University. The two largest stand on a terrace more than three hun- 
dred feet above tide-water, and command an unrestricted outlook over the bay 
and surrounding hills. They may be regarded as the historic structures, the 
nucleus of the group. The corner-stone of the agricultural college, called 
South Hall, was laid in August, 1872, with public ceremonies. The corner- 
stone of the North Hall was laid in the spring of 1873. Both were so far com- 
pleted as to permit the occupancy of most of the rooms when the University 
moved to Berkeley in the autumn of that year. Both buildings preserve the 
freshness of their first years. The architecture of South Hall is simple, but 
handsome. The material is brick trimmed with grey stone. In construction 
it is solid and durable. It is 152 feet long by 50 feet wide, has four stories and 
3-1: rooms, six of the rooms being 32x48 feet, and several others 20x20 feet. In 
its basement are the chemical laboratory and the agricultural department. On 
the first floor are the rooms at present occupied by the library, the secretary's 
office, and the instruction rooms of the college of chemistry ; on the floor above 
are the lecture hall of Prof. Joseph Le Conte, the museum, and other rooms 
needed by the scientific department. The north building is 166 feet long by 
60 feet wide. It has four stories divided into 28 compartments, an assembly- 
room 43x58, a philosophical lecture-room 39x50, the University printing office, 
students' reading .rooms, and various recitation-rooms, the mathematical de- 
partments of Professors Welcker, Sill, and Le C!onte being among the number. 
These two buildings are aligned with the main terrace. Back of them, and 
irregularly placed on the hillside, stand two buildings of later construction — 
the Bacon Art and Library Building, and the College of Mining and Mechanic 
Arts. The first is named from Henry Douglass Bacon, of Oakland, who gave 
to the University his excellent collection of paintings, sculpture, and miscella- 
neous works of art, a library of several thousand volumes, and $25,000 to erect 
suitable buildings to contain these treasures, provided the State would add 
$25,000 in furtherance of the project. The State appreciated the value and 
intelligence of the gift, and furnished the amount required. The building and 
its art contents will increase the facilities for study, and pave the way to a 
finer culture. Its outside is prepossessing, being of brick unobtrusively orna- 
mented with stone. The architectural style followed within and without is 
the later forms of gothic. There are, properly, two buildings in one. That 
fronting the west is rectangular; the rear building is semi-circular. The front 
portion is 88x38 feet. The center of the facade rises into a tower 102 feet in 
height. The interior arrangements are well designed. There are broad 
lobbies and stairways, an elevator, reading-rooms, committee rooms, store- 
rooms, and a large art gallery well-lighted from the top. The rotunda of the 
library portion is 69 feet in diameter and 57 feet in height. It will hold 90,000 
volumes. When the collection exceeds this, the capacity of the building can 
be increased without altering its proportions, by rectangular additions at the 
north and south ends. 

LIBRARY AND WORKS OF ART. 

There will soon be displayed in the art gallery the Pioche collection of 
paintings, and the paintings and sculpture given by Mr. Bacon. The first will 
have great value as ilhistrating a period of French art; the last has many works 
of superior merit. The library began with one thousand volumes transferred 
with the property of the College of California. It has since rapidly increased 
through gifts of Michael Reese, F. L. A. Pioche, Edmond L. Gould, President 
Oilman, Sherman Day, John W. Dwindle, Mrs. and Miss Fourgeaud , WilMam 
Ashbumer, Mr. Bacon, and a host of unobtrusive friends. It can only be said 
to be measurably complete in the direction of scientific works, owing to the 
long list of periodicals which are yearly increased in number and are copiously 



16 Berkeley. 

indexed. The greatest economy of purchase has been found necessary. A 
fuller supply of belles-lettres is greatly desired; also books on special subjects, 
such as political and social science, mining, mathematics, and zoology. The 
present yearly income of about $4,000 is from a bequest of $50,000, made by 
Michael Reese. The library must grow from similar accretions, large and 
small. Its future magnificence "will depend, therefore, largely on the liberality 
of wealthy citizens and the grateful gifts of those who have experienced the 
benefits of the University. As the library is a department of the University, 
the property of the State, and to be hereafter made accessible to all citizens, it 
will be specially interesting and valuable to residents of Berkeley. It is in 
charge of Joseph C. Rowel 1, a graduate of the University. The building occu- 
pied by the College of Mechanics and the College of Mining is of brick, large, 
well-built, and well-lighted. The only other building of importance is a large 
and well-furnished gymnasium, built by A. K. P. Harmon of Oakland, which 
can, if needed, be used for literary exercises. A hall for the accommodation of 
the Athletic clubs is in contemplation. 

THE GROUNDS. 

No college or university has ever before been environed by such natural 
beauties. Art has done more for many ; as for instance, the schools in Spain 
during the Arabic revival, and those of ancient Greece made memorable by the 
teachings of the great philosphers. But the groves of Academe sifted through 
with dust from the ill-kept thoroughfares of Athens, and overlooked by imposing 
temples of faultless architecture, were not half so rich in beauties and endow- 
ments, or so brilliant with foliage and color, as these not very trimly-kept 
grounds in which nature disports herself in almost unrestrained luxuriance. The 
University domain includes two hundred acres of land, most of it having a soil 
of surpassing richness. The west line is low down upon the plateau, the east 
line far up in the hills. The contour of the ground is formed by Strawberry 
creek and its main branch, which issue from romantic canons behind the build- 
ings, and run some distance in front of them. They are bordered with oaks, 
laurels, willows, and the coast vegetation common to such localities. Near the 
angle formed by their confluence is an open space — the campus proper — used by 
the students for their games and al-fresco exercises. The College of California 
had caused the property to be carefully examined by Frederick Law Olmstead, 
the well-known landscape engineer, before its transfer. Mr. Olmstead wrote 
an elaborate treatise on the subject, copies of which are rare ; and prepared a 
map, which has unfortunately been lost. He preferred such division and 
ornamentation as would preserve the natural features and flowing outlines 
of the place, a plan that has since been somewhat varied. The grounds were 
afterward laid out by William Hammond Hall, under the directions of the 
Regents. The design is simple, involving winding drives, with entrances on 
the south, north, and west, serpentine walks, and a rather sharply defined 
terrace for the main buildings. The grounds have also been surveyed by Pro- 
fessor Soule with special reference to the water supply. The open portions, 
dotted with fine specimens of live-oak, have, though untouched, a finished park- 
like appearance, and are gay with wild poppies, buttercups, primroses, and blue 
lilies through winter and spring. The improved places are filled with evergreen 
and deciduous trees, shrubs, plants and flowers from every quarter of the 
globe. A conservatory occupies one of the warmest nooks. The fields of 
the agricultural department are near the western entrance, and are, with their 
specimens of imported fruits, grains, and trees, undergoing a process of experi- 
mental culture, of the greatest interest to the farmer and botanist. No modem 
college has grounds like these. The German universities are usually in 
crowded cities, and without external attractions. The English universities 
have lavms that are ill-kept, and a few trees poorly cared for. The American 
colleges have not found it easy to cultivate handsome surroundings, on account 
of a severe climate and ungrateful soil. Cambridge has a lawn and trees. 
Yale has its elms and public green. Trinity college at Hartford has limited 
grounds which it is trying to improve. The New York colleges are much the 
same, except Cornell, which has a large domain still new. AH is being done 



Educational Advantages. 17 

at Ann Arbor that can be done at a place so situated. The southern colleges 
mWht do more in their softer climate, but their grounds are neglected and 
forlorn. None are so favored in climate, universal capacity of production, and 
beauty of outlook as this. Art might do much to aid nature, but even with- 
out art nature was never more attractive. 

\ THE FACULTY. 

The University's corps of professors and instructors will compare favorably 
in experience, attainments, dignity of character, and intellectual force, with 
those of the best of the eastern colleges. Several of them were associated with 
the College of California ; several have had experience in eastern institutions ; 
while to quite a number foreign study has added depth and finish of scholar- 
ship. President John Le Conte has a national reputation as a physicist. Pro- 
fessor Joseph Le Conte is accomplished in geology and its kindred branches. 
The works which he has published on geological science, on science in its rela- 
tions to religion, his volume printed in the scientific series of the Appletons, and 
his numerous learned papers covering a wide variety of topics, have given him 
an excellent reputation among thoughtful men in this country, and have made 
his name known beyond the Atlantic. He was born in Georgia in 1823, and 
graduated in 1841 from the University of that State. After having studied at 
the New York College of Physicians, from which he received the degree of M. 
D., he practiced medicine for a short time, and then devoted himself to the 
study of science under Agassiz. In 1851 he became a member of the Faculty 
of Oglethorpe University in Georgia, first filling the chairs of Natural Science, 
and afterward that of Geology and Natural History. In 1856 he accepted the 
professorship of Chemistry and Geology in the University of South Carolina. 
This and other scientific occupations occupied his time until 1869, when he 
was called to the University of California. The Le Contes are of Huguenot 
parentage, their ancestors having emigrated in 1865 to South Carolina, which 
was the home of the family until 1810, when their father moved to Georgia. 
Professor Kellogg is a Connecticut man by birth and education, having studied 
in the schools of that State, and graduated at Yale College in 1850. He 
afterward spent four years at Union Theological Seminary, and came to Cali- 
fornia in 1855 as a Home Missionary. He was connected with the College of 
California from 1860 to 1869, and was one of the first iour elected to chairs 
in the University. He has been for many years Dean of the Faculty. He is 
considered a ripe scholar, and thorough instructor. What he has done in 
the way of editing Latin Classics shows him capable of much more elaborate 
T^-ork of that character. Professor Rising was a professor in the College 
of California. He was educated at Hamilton College, New York. He has 
ctudied at Heidelberg and Berlin, and been twice associated with the Uni- 
versity at Ann Arbor, first as instructor in Chemistry and Mining Engraving, 
the next time as instructor in Chemistry. He has his degree of Ph. d. 
from Heidelberg. Professor Bunnell is accredited to Harvard. He was for 
some time principal of the San Francisco Latin School, from which many of 
his pupils found their way with credit to the University, and to leading east- 
em colleges. Professor Sill is a graduate from Yale College, and for many 
years principal of the Oakland High School, whence he was transferred to the 
chair which he at present occupies. He is an able instructor, and an enthusi- 
ast in his calling. West Point has furnished two members of the Faculty — 
Professors Welcker and SouM. The first was for many years a professor in that 
institution. To sufficient scholarship he adds those qualities of culture and 
breeding which are deemed essential to fine military character, and which invari- 
ably win the respect of students. Professor Soule is younger, but has had ample 
experience. He graduated from West Point in 1866, in the ordnance corps of 
the army, served a while in Alleghany City, and was afterward assistant in- 
structor in mathematics at his Alma Mater, until he was offered, in 1869, the 
position of assistant to Professor Welcker, in the Department of Military Sci- 
ence and Tactics. Professor Moses is one of the youngest members of the 
•Faculty. He graduated at the University of Michigan in 1870, and finished 
his studies at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Heidelberg, taking his 



18 Berkeley. 

degree from tlie last. His special studies while abroad were political economy, 
and history as incidental thereto. For the purpose of prosecuting a very in- 
teresting branch of historical research, he niade two summer visits, of several 
months' duration, to Norway and Sweden. He is a thoughtful student, aad 
earnestly devoted to his vocation. Professor Hesse was trained in a German 
polytechnic school, and was early engaged as a teacher in Brown University. 
Subsequently, he held a scientific appointment under the United States Gov- 
ernment, and was devoting himself privately to mechanical pursuits when he 
was offered a chair at the University. He is said to be a mathematician of 
rare skill, and to unite scientific attainment with great practical ability, a 
union of qualities very desirable in his present position. Professor Hiigard 
was born in Germany, and came to America when fifteen years of age. He 
has resided here since, except when completing his education at a Ger- 
man university. After his return to the United States he was made State 
Geologist of Mississippi and Louisiana, and held that place till elected to the 
chair of geology in the University of Michigan. The College of Agriculture 
needing a man at once practical and scientific, the position was tendered to 
Professor Hiigard, in 1874. He found the college under a cloud, which his 
careful administration has completely dispelled. 

THE WORK OF THE COLLEGES. 

It would require a large volume to analyze the scheme of the colleges, and 
to fully explain their work. They will here be briefly outlined. From a 
practical point of view they leave very little to be desired. A university can- 
not make a scholar. If he is malleable it can hammer him into form ; if he is 
ductile it can draw him out ; if he is pliable it can bend him into graceful 
outline ; but it can give him no quality of which he has not already the germ 
It can teach his brain to theorize if he has a brain ; it can train his eye and 
educate his hand ; it can furnish him models to imitate ; it can point out 
errors to be avoided ; it can give him material, and instruct him in its intelli- 
gent use ; it can indicate the devious ways of knowledge, and show him how 
to walk in them without going astray ; it can ground him in branches of 
science, and leave him to perfect himself in them as he matures. This is what 
the University of California is doing. Most students come too young to be 
made perfect in any specialty, for perfect scholarship implies the devotion of a 
lifetime. The department of civil engineering cannot graduate a pupil com- 
petent to build a railroad across the Andes, but it may send from its lecture- 
rooms a young man, who, if he has talent and is true to it, may acquire the 
experience that will enable him to perform even greater feats. The College of 
Chemistry canaiot make a Faraday, but it can give a young man the means of 
becoming even greater than Faraday. It is well for every one to understand 
that college education is the beginning of life, and not the consummation of 
it. The College of Chemistry is in charge of a scholar thoroughly taught, 
who has able assistants. It has laboratories modeled on those considered moat 
complete in foreign universities, furnished with all necessary appliances for 
complete chemical manipulation ; there ^re few better in the country. The 
scholar is taught the principles of chemistry, and made to illustrate them by 
his own experiments. The only expense is the trivial charge for the chemicals 
consumed. 

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE. 

The College of Agriculture is more nearly related to the masses. Professor 
Hiigard is a botanist, and familiar with the growth and diseases of plants. 
This has enabled him to do great service to the viticulturists of the State. He 
is expert in the analysis of soils, and has done a great deal to enlighten farm- 
ers in regard to reclamation of alkaline lands, and the adaptability of certain 
localities to special productions. He keeps himself en rapport with the culti- 
vators of the soil by frequent lectures in the country, the distribution of 
reports, and by the exhibition of specimen cereals in cases at the State and 
district fairs. He thinks the time is not far distant when agricultural experts 
will be in as great demand as mining experts. The experiments made in this 



\ Educational Advantages. 19 

department have resulted in the cordial co-operation of intelligent and pro- 
gressive farmers, who are beginning to understand in what manner science may 
become the handmaid of agriculture. The idea of a model farm has been 
abandoned as impracticable. Herein the college follows the example of 
Cohiell and other eastern institutions which include agriculture in their cur- , 
rictilum. Perfect cultivation of the soil, safety of crops, and thoroughness of 
study, are impossible where student labor is exclusively relied on ; therefore 
most of the work is done by outside labor, the student looking on, and some- 
times co-operating. For work out of hours he is compensated, and, if needy, 
to that extent aided in the completion of his college course. The department 
has ample facilities for illustrating its theories and turning its work to practi- 
cal account. Its plan contemplates finding out and explaining the best modes 
of propagating grains and economic plants. As soon as possible it will estab- 
lish a botanical garden, which will not only illustrate plants of economic 
value, but those which are interesting to the chemist. Twelve thousand 
botanical specimens have been collected. Seven hundred specimens of soil have 
been gathered and analyzed. The texture of grain, dried plants, and fronds of 
flowers are shown to pupils in the lecture-room by means of a camera obscura. 
New varieties of wheat are constantly imported from abroad and distributed 
throughout the State. There is no department that has about it more life and 
activity than that of agriculture. Professor Hilgard is efficiently assisted in 
the branches of practical farming and experimental culture on the University 
grounds by Charles H. Dwindle. Mr. Wickson lectures at intervals on 
dairying. 

THE COLLEGES OF MINING AND MECHANICS. 

The building occupied by the College of Mechanics and the College of 
Mining and Metallurgy was completed two years ago. The first is under the 
charge of Professor Hesse, the other under the superintendence of E. P. Christy. 
With the College of Apiculture, they stand very near to the heart of the 
people of the State, who are prone to look at the practical side of things. The 
tendency of modern instruction is in the same direction, as shown by the recent 
rapid increase of polytechnic schools. The course of study pursued under 
Professor Hesse involves a period of theoretic study, supplemented by experi- 
ments of the most practical character, which will enable the student to become 
a superior mechanic. Problems relating to mechanical engineering are illus- 
trated by practical application. There is a machine-shop, with power, and all 
necessary tools, which will soon be placed in charge of a first-class mechanic, 
where students can be made thoroughly acquainted with the various forms and 
facilities of machinery. The course includes instruction in the laws of solids, 
fluids, and the making of machinery of all kinds and for all purposes. The 
mining department teaches assaying and the methods of practical mining, by 
lectures, text-bookf, practical illustration, and visits to industrial works in 
San Francisco, and mining and metallurgical works elsewhere. It contains 
four crucible furnaces, four furnaces for cupellation, and all necessary apparatus 
for pulverizing, sampling, and reducing ores. Its students have already given 
good accounts of themselves in the mining districts of Arizona and Colorado. 
The doors of both these colleges are open to special scholars, who may wish a 
year's instruction without having had other academic training. 

OTHER DEPARTMENTS. 

The College of Letters, with its admirable culture, offers less opportunity 
for description. There is a military department organized by Professor 
Welcker, who has endeavored not to confine the course of study merely to tactics, 
but to impart information that would be valuable to the volunteer soldier, and 
the officer when called into service. A nation of 50,000,000 people which main- 
tains no standing army should, he argues, receive what compensation is 
possible in the general diffusion of military knowledge. Professor Welcker 
had, for some time, the valuable assistance of Mr. Soule, who is now Professor of 
civil engineering and astronomy. The military department is at present ably 



20 Berkeley, 

instructed by George C. Edwards, Professor Weloker devoting himself strictly 
to the department of mathematics. The classical course includes instruction 
in Latin, Greek, and the modern languages, with elective studies. The liter- 
ary course omits Greek, and gives prominence to the modem languages and 
English literature. By this means the preferences and prejudices of all are 
regarded. No one is compelled to a course of mere scholasticism, who prefers 
the kind of learning which he thinks will prove more available in after life ; 
while those who desire the mere accomplishments of scholarship can be fully 
gratified. The departments of mathematics and civil engineering are spoken 
of as parts of the College of Letters because they treat of science in reference 
to theory, and are considered essential to the curricula of all higher institutions 
of learning. They offer their advantages to all students of the University. 
Military study and drill are required of all. The study of English literature 
is made more attractive by frequent allusion to the best current publications. 
Several of the affiliated colleges of the University are, for convenience, located 
in San Francisco. These are the Hastings Law College, whose fees are merely 
nominal, the Toland Medical School, the College of Pharmacy, the College of 
Dentistry. Their existence is an additional proof of the adaptability of the 
University to all the wants of common life. 

IN CONCLUSION. 

Even this brief outline of the history and work of California's great insti- 
tution of learning shows the admirable range and completeness of its plan. It 
needs time to consolidate its labors and to perfect its generous scheme. An ex- 
istence of twelve years does not permit perfect results. Cambridge has been two 
hundred and fifty years in growing to its present stature from a " Freshman 
class of one." A working faculty of thirty, no matter how ripe in scholarship, 
can hardly accomplish as much as a well-equipped corps of one hundred 
teachers. Yet several of the University's Eastern rivals exceed that number. 
The institution has wrought out several problems since its organization. It 
has proved the co-education of the sexes possible. Young ladies have been 
admitted to all its classes on equal terras with young men, and have been 
remarkable for exceptional deportment, and high class-standing. All its prac- 
tical departments have been eminently successful. The school teacher, the 
mining expert, the druggist, the chemist, the mechanic, the farmer, can gain 
access to them at any time, and bring his imperfect knowledge up to any desired 
standard. A post-graduate course affords the earnest student an opportunity 
to emulate the example of the great scholars of the world. The library is 
rapidly being perfected in all lines of science and literature. Museums illus- 
trating every branch of study are large, and constantly increasing. Hard times 
have impaired the University's influence by diminishing the number of stu- 
dents from the middle classes of society, who have been its best supporters. 
There is every reason to believe, however, that the tide of fortune is now where 
it can be taken at the flood. The present members of the Board of Regents 
are active and sympathetic. The affairs of the institution have never been 
complicated by political chicanery. In accordance with this principle, recent 
appointments have been thoughtfully and intelligently made by Governor 
Perkins. The Faculty who have hitherto been new to one another, will grad- 
ually become more homogeneous. Systematic social intercourse, firm executive 
control, and the natural solidification of time, will, year by year, give greater 
unity and an increased momentum. The State is liberal in its annual provi- 
sions, and nothing seems wanting to make this great school, with its noble 
foundation, a power on the Pacific Coast, and a potent influence in the world. 

KEGENTS. 
EX OFFICIO. 

His Excellency George C. Perkins Governor, ex-offlcio President of the Board, Sacramento; 
His Honor John Mansfield. Lieutenant-Governor, Los Argeles; Hon. W. H. Parks, Speaker of the 
Assemblv, Marysville; Hon, Frederick M. Campbell, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
Sacramento; J. Mc M, Shafter, President of the State Agricultural Society, Olema; P. B. Corn- 
■wall, President of the Mechanics' Institute, San Francisco; Prof. John LeOonte, President of the 
University, Berkeley. 



Educational Advantages. 21 

APPOINTED. 

Rev. H. Stebbins, D.D., San Francisco; Hon. J. "West MartiHiOakland ; Hon. J. F. Swift, 
San Francisco; Hon. Samuel B. McKee, Oakland; Hon. Joseph. W. Winans. San Francisco; 
Hon. N. Greene Curtis, Sacramento; John L. Beard, esq.. Mission of San Jos^; D. O. Mills, esq., 
Milbrae; A. S. Hallidie, esq., San Francisco; Hon. William T. Wallace, San Francisco; Hon. T. 
Guy Phelps, Belmont; Hon. John S. Hager, San Francisco; Hon. A. L. Rhodes, San Jos6; Prof. 
George Davidson, San Francisco; Prof. William Ashburner, San Francisco; Hon. B. B. Redding, 
San Francisco. 

FACULTIES 

OF THE COLLEGES OF SCIEKCB AND LETTERS. 

John LeConte, M. D., LL. D., President, and Professor of Physics; William Ashburner, 
Honorary Professor of Mining; Geo. Woodbury Bunnel, A. M., Professor of the Greek Language 
and Literature ; George Davidson, A. M., Ph. D., Honorary Professor of Geodesy and Astronomy ; 
Stephen J. Field, LL. D., Honorary Professor of Law ; Frederick G. Hesse, Professor of Industnal 
Mechanics; Eugene W. Hillard, Ph. D., Professor of Agriculture, Agricltural Chemistry, Gen- 
eral and Economic Botany; Martin Kellogg, A. M., Dean, and Professor of the Latin Language 
and literature; Joseph LeConte, M. D., LL. D., Professor of Geology and Natural History; 
Bernard Moses Ph. D., Professor of History and Political Economy; Willard B. Rising. Ph.D. 
Professor of Chemistry; Edward R. Sill, A. M., Professorof the English L^guage and Literature; 
Frank Soul6, Jr., (United States Military Academy,) Professor of Civil Engineering and Astron- 
omy; William T. Welcker, (United States Military Academy,) Professor of Mathematics; 

— , Professor of the Oriental Languages and Literature; John W. Bice, Ph. B., Instructor in 

Civil Engineering ; Ross E. Browne, Instructor in Mechanical and other branches of Instrumental 
Drawing; Samuel B. Christy, Ph. B., Instructor in Mining and Metallurgy; John B. Clark, Ph. 
B., Instructor in Mathematics; Charles H. Dwindle, Ph. B., Instructor in Mathematics, and 
Colonel Commanding Battalion University Cadets; Carlos F. Gompertz, Instructor in Spanish; 
A. Wendell Jackson, Jr., Ph. B., Instructor in Mineralogy; Henry B. Jones, Assistant Instructor 
in French and German; Wm. Cary Jones, A. M., Recorder of the Faculty, and Instructor In 
Latin; Edmund C. O'Neil, Ph. B., Assistant in Chemistry, (Quantitive Laboratory); Edward A. 
Parker, Ph. B., Instructor in Physics and Mechanics; James M. Phillips, A. B., Instructor in 
Hebrew; Albin Putzker, Instructor in German; Joseph C. Rowell, A. B.. Librarian; Josiah 
Royce, Jr., Ph. D., Bait., Instructor in the English Language and Literature; E. H. Sears, A. B., 
Instructor in Latin and Greek; F. Slate, Jr., Superintendent of Physical Laboratory; John M. 
Stillman, Ph. B., Instructor in Chemistry; George B. Willcut, Ph. B., Assistant in Chemistrj-, 
(Qualitative Laboratory) ; August Harding, Assistant in Chemistry; Myer E. Jaffa, Ph. B., Assist- 
ant in Agricultural Laboratory ; Frederick W. Morse, Ph. B., Assistant in Viticultural Labora- 
tory; Robert E. C. Stearns, Secretary and Superintendent of Grounds, Berkeley. 

The degrees of A. B. and Ph. B. are given at graduating, and to the first that of A. M. is added 
three years later, if the student has continued his studies at the University or elsewhere. 

THE BERKELEY GYMNASIUM. 

Next to the University in the educational soheme of the town, and pre- 
paratory thereto, is the Berkeley Gymnasium. It is related to the higher in- 
stitution as the Grerman Gymnasia are related to the German universities. It 
is in full accord with the Faculty, one of whom makes the annual address to 
the graduating class, and most of whom deliver occasional lectures in a course 
that forms part of the stated curriculum of study. Its patronage is drawn 
from the best social element of the Pacific Coast. Its teachers are selected not 
only with reference to their scholarly ability, but their fitness by temperament 
for their arduous and important profession. The cotirse of study includes the 
ordinary English branches, the higher mathematics as far as geometry, Latin, 
Greek, and the modern languages. The school buildings are near to the Uni- 
versity grounds, are spacious, conveniently arranged, and surrounded by ever- 
greens. They include everything necessary to the comfort and culture of the 
pupil — large study-rooms, necessary scientific apparatus, airy dormitories, and 
a generous cuisine, the last feature being considered absolutely essential to 
the well being of studious and growing youth. Observance of the fundament- 
al principles of the Christian religion is insisted on, 'but denominational inter- 
ference is not tolerated. Students can attend, with a monitor, any particular 
church in Berkeley or Oakland designated by parental authority. The scope 
of religious instruction contemplates inculcation of the idea of a Supreme 
Being, Creator of the Universe, the First Cause and Ultimate of things. 
That which relates to special dogma is left to the church, the theological 
school, and to domestic training. If by this means the student becomes in- 
spired with reverence for God, respect for religious observances, consideration 
for well-established human institutions, and a zeal for critical investi- 
gation, work in this direction is considered finished. The use of tobac- 
co is considered, as are all other forms of intemperance, destructive to 
both brain and body, and pupils are so instructed. Students found guilty 



22 • Berkeley. 

of bringing intoxicating liquors "upon the school grounds, or of vis- 
iting drinking-saloons, are expelled. As in the University, discipline 
is based on manly qualities. When a boy forgets that he is a gentleman, and 
fails utterly in his duties to his parents, his teachers, and himself, his connec- 
tion with the institution is severed. The corps of teachers may be considered 
as permanently connected with the school, their work having been so harmo- 
nious that no changes have occurred in four years. The theory of instruction 
is embodied in the word " self-help." Here, also, the guiding principle of the 
University is followed. Knowledge is not only imparted to the pupil, but 
every effort is made to enable him to assimilate it as part of his mental consti- 
tution, that it may be of practical benefit to him afterward. This analysis of 
the Berkeley Gymnasium shows how it fits into the system of complete instruc- 
tion which the town affords. The benefit of such an institution so closely 
related to the University is apparent. Its teachers know the exact standard 
required for admission to the Freshman Class ; hence no pupil is submitted for 
examination untilho is thoroughly prepared. If students come from a dis- 
tance, having raa&e imperfect preparation, they can be received here until 
they have supplied every deficiency, and are ready for the higher education 
which the University so generously furnishes. The advantage of such a 
school to citizens of Berkeley, who desire to have their children with them 
through all the period of study, are great. The Berkeley Gymnasium has 
already the largest and best patronage of all the private schools on the coast. 
It is now extending its name to Mexico, Central America, the Sandwich Isl- 
ands, Oregon, Nevada, and the East. Its management expect to make it in 
the near future one of the leading preparatory schools of America. John F. 
Burris is Superintendent of the institution. The Principals are John F. 
Burris, Philip K. Boone, Lorenzo Davis, William P. Durfee. There are, 
besides, nine assistant teachers. 

OTHER EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. 

The public schools of Berkeley occupy handsome buildings, and are sup- 
plied with competent instructors. The Kellogg School at East Berkeley 
stands near Strawberry Creek, and almost in the shadow of the old oaks of the 
University. The Principal is A. L. Fuller. His lady assistants are Sarah T. 
French, Ella H. De Wolfe, and E. M. Davis. His charge includes a grammar 
school and elementary departments, to which a high school is just being added, 
where pupils can be fitted for the University. It is said that Prof. Pioda, 
late of the University, contemplates opening a private school where the clas- 
sics and modern languages will be taught. A seminary for girls is one of the 
possibilities of the near future. Just within the south-eastern limits of the 
town stands the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Asylum, a substantial group of build- 
ings in a high and airy locality commanding the entire plateau, the bay, and 
its shores. It has been for many years in charge of W. Wilkinson, an ex- 
perienced teacher and an humanitarian of high repute, who is assisted by 
accomplished instructors in all departments. With its increased facilities, 
the institution is entering on a period of renewed activity and greater use- 
fulness. 

COLLEGE SOCIETIES. 

The University has a valuable clientage in the college societies, with one 
or other of which nearly all its alumni are associated. In the heart of these 
its memory is kept green, and through their affiliated membership its name is 
spread broadcast, and everywhere held honorable. 

DELTA KAPPA EPSILON. 

The parent chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon was instituted at Yale College. Its object is 
brotherhood and iniellectnal improvement. It has a total membership of 7,000, with subordinate 
organizations at the Michigan University, Cornell, Ccdumbia, Dartmouth, and other institutions 
of learning. Several newspapers and magazines edited by the fraternitj' assist in carrying out 
Its general objects. The Theta Zeta Chapter was organized at Berkeley in 1876. and has forty-four 
zealous members, thirteen of whom are in college residence. They are as fellows : Class of '76, 



Educational Advantages. 23 

B. P. Wall; '77, R. H. Webster, P. T. Riley: "78. Geo. H. Hudson, W. B. Jones, Chas. L. Tilden. 
Wm. J. Kinjislanrl, Wm. E Jorey, Frank K. E. Whitcombe, Ed. C. Sutliffe; "79, Jas. Cotton. Wm. 
T. Wallace, Sherrod Will ama, Geo. B. Willcut; '80, F. M. Kelsey. John G. Conrad, H. W. Eraser. 
J. Eugene La Rue; '81, Albert Painier, Rotbwell Hyde. L. IM. Agard, T. H. Williams, Walter D. 
Mansfleld, Charles Reed, Geo. W. Cummings; '8-2, Earl H. Webb, T. Hugh Buckingham, Harvey 
P. Goodman, Frai-k J. Heney, Wm. ... Dodge, Frank E. Dodge, Chas. E. Hayes, J. L. Critten- 
den, Wm. P. Hook; '8:1, Geo. B. Brastow, Andrew Thorns, Walter Painter, C' Lee La Rue; '84 
James H. Pond, John J. Emery, Gustavus C. Simmons, Wm. F. Bradford, Samuel E. Moffett; 
Honorary, General T. H. Williams. 

CHI PHI. 

The Chi Phi was founded at Princeton, in 1824. but soon after abolished on account of its se- 
crecj'. It was re-established in 1854, and has since prospered. Among the twenty flourishing 
chaoters which it lias are those of Yale, Cornell, Brown, the University of Virginia. Wesleyan 
University, and Lehigli. It has had one or two chapters abroad. The Lambda chapter at Berke- 
ley, wliich dates from 1875, maintains the club-house .sys em. It has the following membeiship : 
Class ot '75, Chesley K. Bonestel, W. 1'. Gummer, R.ibert H. Robertson, John Nightingale; '.6, 
Frank M. Ostrander, William M. Fitzhugh, Th"S. Prather; '77, D. Breckenridge Mark, W. R. 
Shaw, Edwia W. Cowles; "78, Eustace B. Rodgers, Jasper A. Ostrander, William R. Dainger- 
fleld,.Alex. F.Morrison, Frank G. Easterby ; '79, Joseph D. Grant. Charles HI. .Sheffield, Alonzo 
M. Grim. John H. Hollisler, William H. Hammond, Harry E. Sanderson, John D. White, Lansing 
Mizner, Ge rge L. Wilson, John Quiiicy Brown Jr., Fred P Tuttle, Henry W. O'Alelvenv, Fred E. 
Bronson, George S. Edwards; 80, Edgar H. Booth, Chas. E. Miller Malcolm A.Moody, E. H. 
Gaithwaite; '81, Sam. B. McKee, Richard P. Hammond Jr., VVillAm L. Adams, Seth Maun, 
Chas. H. Grimm, C M. Coon, Robeit Moore; '82, C. A. Monesifer, C. A. Edwards, J. B. Lincoln, 
OrlonBlack, J, W. Lewis, Fletcher T. Ryer, John J. Dwyer; '83, W. B. Cope, Fred G. Ostrander, 
Frank J Walton, Brewston A.Hayne; '84, Frank L. Tuttle, Channing H. Cook, Lee Brown, 
Sidney E. Mezes. 



ZETA PSI. 

The Zeta Psi fraternity originated in 1817- The Iota chapter at the University received its char- 
ter in 1870. For some time the members lived at club-rooms in Oakland, and afterward success- 
ively at the old Berkeley Farm-nouse, the Humboldt House at Temescal, the corner of Dwight 
way and Choate street, and their present commodious quarters near the University buildings. 
The chapter prides itself on its age and materiel. It has eighteen active members, and has gradu- 
ated nearlv a hundred more. Its membe'-stiip is : Class of '71, E. B. Pomerc.y, F. H. Whitwoith; 
'72, B. C. Brown. Arthur Rodgers. Geo. W. Re.-d, J. M. Whltworth; '7H, G. J. Ainsworih, G. C. 
Edwards, J. C. Whetmcre, J. M. Bolton, Thomas P. Woodward, L. L. Hawkins, J. H. Budd; '74, 
J. E. Budd, Thos. D. Carneal, D. D. Griffiths, R. Farrell, L. L. Lynch, E. A. Parker, J. C. Perkins, 
C. B. Learned. J. M. Slillman, J. K. Price, C. D. Stuart. J. C. Rowell; 75, W. Tuikington, J. F. 
Alexand r, H. H. Webb, F. V. Holman, A. A. Low. J. F. Hinton, F. P. Deering, S. R Rhodes, F. 
P. McLean, C. F. Eastman ; '76, G. P. Wright, V. Hook, C. Overacker, J. A. Wilklns; '77, D. B. 
Fairbanks, F. J. Soljgnsky, H. W. Meek, H Stillman, W. H. Phelps, E. D. Kiel, W. R. Sherwood; 
'78— VV. M Van Dvke, W . F. Finney, S. A. Chapin, ('. H. Warren ; '79, J. J. Mailliara, F. W. Hen- 
shaw, J. J. Hutchingson, G. McKeal, F. J. Fairbanks, W. E.Hopkins, W.E. Dargie, J. D. McGilli- 
vray, John ompkins, W. H. Nicholson ; 80, A. L. Whitney, J. W. Byrne, H. R Havens, V. Stow, 
E. H. Shepard; '81, H. H. Sherwood, J. J. McGillivray, D. Lindley, W. B. Storey, H. Russell, C. 
O. Alexander, Fred. Stratton, H. A. Pearsons, L. L. Janes, K. Rhodes, M. McMicken; '82, P. E, 
Bowles. R. A. Berry, V. C. McMurrav. W W. Nelson. N. A. Rideout, S. S. Slillman, R. G. Hooker, 
A. F. Pollock, P. Martin; '83, E. Frick, J. W. Maillalrd, P. McManus: '84, W. F. Barton, H. S. 
Badger, F. L. Blinn, J. Frick, J. A. McNear. 

BETA THETA PI. 

Miami University had. in 1839, the honor of originating the Beta Theta Pi, which in a few 
years thereafter spread rapidly over the South and West. In 1842 the first general convention was 
held in Cincinnati. During the next few years chapters were established in various lirst-class 
Eastern colleges, but owing to anti-fraternity laws, most of them were obliged to resign their char- 
ters. The growth to Southern and Western colleges was, however, lasting, the society being a 
pioneer in many of them. Two proposals for union made at different times by the Psi Upsilon 
were rejected In 1879 the Alpha Sigma Chi was received, giving the Beta Theta Pi again an 
eastern section. The fraternity was iui-orporated the same year. Since then the growth has been 
phenomenal. Four chapters have been revived, and eleven new ones established, including the 
Omega at, the University of California. The society publishes a monthly journal at Cincinnati. 
It has also been the publisher of «everal college song-books and some slieet music. A catalogue 
soon to be issued will show a me '"bership of 5,000. The following is a list of members of the 
Omega Chapter: Class of '80, A. D. Bird, L. G. Harrier; '81, W. E. Bates; '82, R. T. Harding, 
Niles Searles, R. D. Jackson, George B. Jacobs, A. P. Niles, James L. DeFremery; '83, Guy C. 
Earl, E. C. Sanford, W. W. Deamer ; '84, A. de M. Johnson, Charles S. Wheeler, Charles A. Ramm, 
Charles H. Forbes. 

KAPPA i^APPA GAMMA. 

"" The society of Kappa Kappa Gamma was the second of the ladies' societies organized with 
the principles and methods akin to those of the Greek-letter fraternities. It was founded at Mon- 
mouth Coll' ge, Illinois, in 1870, but owing to the passage of anti-fraternity laws, this, the Alpha 
Chapter, died some time since. The Grand Chapter is situated at Bloomington, Illinois. At pres- 
ent its roll-call comprises the State Universities of Indi; na, Missouri, Wisconsin, and California, 
besides Butler, Indiana, Asbury, and Wooster Universities. The Pi Chapter was established, at 
the University of California on 'the 23rd of Mav, 1880, and, though young, is in a very prosperous 
condition. Its members are : Class of '79, Fannie M. Davis; '80, Belle D. Davis; '82, Ella F. Bai- 
ley, Eva L. Stoddart, Caroline J. Swyney, Annie C. Edmonds; '83, Nannie N. Ridge, Sadie H. 
EUery, Annie S. Long. 



24 Beekeley — Educational Advantages. 



From a Physician and Valetudinarian. 

[Extract from a letter recently written to a relative by a physician, -who, 
after experience in the army, and fourteen years' practice in one of the princi- 
pal cities of New England, came to California on account of shattered health, 
in search of an equable climate, combined with the conveniences and refine- 
ments of easy and intellectual life.] 

" In climate, Berkeley leaves very little to be desired , having in fact one of the most temper- 
ate and equable in the whole State. Situated just opposite the Golden Gate, but separated from 
it by the width of the bay, and nearly three miles of gently rising land— about twelve miles in all— 
its summer temperature is moderated by breezes direct from the Pacific. And you must remember 
that these breezes not only bring the life- and health-giving properties of the sea. but are cooled by 
passing over the descending Japanese gulf stream. These trades, which torment San Francisco as 
dust-rising winds, have generally, according to their violence, either died away or so slanted up, 
(in their effort to get over the Contra Costa range) that, by the time they have reached Berkeley, 
they are only welcomed as summer zephyrs. But their beneficence, both as health-givers and dis- 
ease-destroyers, cannot well be over-estimated. The winter climate, too, is charming ; the rain- 
fall averaging about twenty-five inches, while the cold is often not sufficient even to kill helio- 
tropes. 

" ' The lay of the land,' also, is all that could be asked for. The Contra Costa range, lying just 
to the east and north, protects us, in a great measure, from the desolating and irritating ' northers' ; 
while, from this range, the land slopes gradually and beautifully to the bay three miles away. 
This slope gives ample facilities for dramage, particularly in this, the eastern part of the town, 
which is from two to three hundred feet above the level of the bay, and where ' hardpan ' is from 
forty to fifty feet below the surface. There are as yet no public sewers— a great good, so long as 
every man is forced to provide rightly for his own sewerage on his own grounds. But you will see 
that, when they become necessarj% they can easily, with such a fall, be kept in good condition. 

'• The water supply, although not absolutely of the best quality, and in some need of further 
filtering, is ample, good, and reasonably free from danger of contamination. It is drawn from a 
number of springs near the crest of the hills to reservoirs, and thence distributed. The services of 
supply are therefore far above any risk from sewers, or such like hidden dangers ; and we may con- 
gratulate ourselves upon the fact that this water is almost universally used in this part of the 
town. From what I have said of the climate, the lay of the land and natural drainage, the 
absence of common sewers and private wells, you will see that malaria is an utter impossibility; 
and an epidemic of either of the zymotic diseases almost as much so. In the five years of my resi- 
dence I have known of a few sporadic cases of typhoid and scarlet fever ; but there has been no 
spread, because the vehicle of communication was wanting. 

" I cannot do more, now, than touch upon the other only less important advantages of this as a 
place of residence : its magnificent views, exceeding anything I remember even in ray wide 
journeyings in Europe and America; admirable educational facilities; and accessibility to cities, 
markets, shops and libraries, although these are the very items that go so far to make up human 
ease and comfort. But I say to you, after a residence of five years, that I. as a physician, an in- 
valid, and the father of a family am satisfied, and beg you to make trial of it. And, if you do, I 
prophecy that you will— stay." 



SAHBORH, YAIL & CO. 



:mporters akd Manufacturers of 



Moldings, Mirrors, Picture Frames, 

BRACKETS, WIHDOW CORHICES 




(^ 



Send for Illustrated (Catalogues and Wholesale Price Lists. 

857 MARKET • STREET, 

San Francisco, Cal. 



THE 



Mutual Life 

INSURANCE COMPANY 

OF NEW YORK. 



F. S. WINSTON, - - - President. 



Assets, $91,735,786,02, Surplus, $11,000,000, 

During the past year this Company has paid for 
Death Claims and Matured Endowment Policies over 
$6,000,000; for Lapsed and Surrendered Policies 
nearly $4,000,000; and for Dividends to Policy- 
holders over $3,000,000, 

Since its organization, over $162 J 00,000 have 
been paid to Policy-holders and their heirs. 

Legitimate Life Insurance Only. 

This Company m^nfines itself strictly to the trans- 
action of legitimafe Life Lnsurance, issuing only Life 
and Ejtdozument Policies, 

No Toniine or other specul alive form of Policy issued. 

Lower Premium Rates than those of any other 
First-class Company. 

Premiums payable m Cash only, leaving no note 
as a lien on the Policyy to be deducted when the 
Policy becomes a claim. 

A. B, FORBES, 
General Agent for the Pacific Coast, 
214 Sansome Street, San Francisco, 




INSURANCE ! COMPANY 



OF CALIFORNIA. 




Capital, - - - - 

Assets, December 31, 1880, - ■ 
Losses Paid Since Orga,nization, 



$750,000.00 
$1,160,000.00 
$4:260,000,00 



AGENCIES 

IN ALL PRINCIPAL LO C AL ITI E S; I N THE 

UNITED STATES. 



D, J. Staples, 

President. 

Alpheus Bull 

Vice Pres. 



Geo. d, dornin. 

Secretary. 

Wm. J. Dutton, 

Ass't Sec'y, 



BARKER & BEARDSLEE, Agents, 

BERKELEY, CAL 



XHIE 



San Mncisco Bulletin 

THE 

Leading Evening Newspaper 

West of the Rocky Mountains. 



It is the recognized authority in Commercial and Financial Circles, and the ' 
best Family Journal on the Pacific Coast. Its columns are filled with matter of 
interest to the educator, the student, and the intelligent reader in all branches of 
science and art. 

Served by Cairiers in San Francisco and the towns of the interioF at 25c per week 

By Mail, postage paid $12 per year 



The Weekly Bulletin 

Is a mammoth twelve-page Journal, and in proportion to its size the cheapest 
paper in the country. It comprises in compact form all the valuable and inter- 
esting features of the Daily. 

SXJBSORIPTIOlSr RATES. 

The Weekly and Friday Bulletin, forming together the most complete 
Semi-Weekly published on the Pacific Coast, will be sent to any address, 
postage paidy on the following terms : 

The Weekly axd Friday BulIjETin. 

One Tear $3.00 

Six Months 1.50 

Weekly Bulletin Alois^e. 

One Tear $2.50 

Six Months 1.24 

Remittances by Draft, Postofiice Order, Wells, Fargo & Co's Express, and 
Registered Letter, at our risk. 

S. F. BULLETIN C0= 

San Francisco, Cal. 



F. S. Chadbourhe k Co. 

735 Market Street, 

Desire to call the attention of pur- 
chasers to their very superior 
stock of Furniture, Upholstery, 
and Bedding. All the latest nov- 
elties in solid, substantial Furni- 
ture can be seen at our warerooms. 
Our facilities are such that we will 
not allow ourselves to be under- 
sold. Intending buyers will find 
it greatly to their interest to give 
a thorough inspection of our stock 
before purchasing. We are within 
five minutes' walk of the leading 
hotels of the city, a circumstance 
to be remembered by all persons 
from the interior who visit the 
city for the purpose of selecting 
from a complete and elegant stock. 

I. S. OliDBIOlil I GO. 

735 MARKET STREET. 



•^YOSEMITE VALLEY.^ 



Yosemite is no"w reached by a short railroad ride to 
Madera in the San Joaquin Valley, and an easy and 
romantic trip by stage via the Mariposa Big Trees and 
Inspiration Point. There is scarcely a locality along the 
route that is devoid of interest. The stage-road is new 
and carefully constructed, and affords a succession of 
views, which include the gently-rounded foothills, the 
steep declivities of the higher regions, abrupt precipices, 
lofty mountain ranges, vadleys of great depth, rushing 
rivers, forests of imposing pines, with occasional glimpses 
of the snowy peaks of the Sierra, and the plains of the 
San Joaquin bluish-grey in the distance. The trip would 
be a delightful one, and fiill of splendid pictures to linger 
in the memory, even if it were not crowned by the glory 
and magnificence of Yosemite. This w^ill remain one of 
the w^onders of the world. Its hights, depths, cones, 
spires, chasms, waterfalls, lakes, cloud-eflfects, and all its 
tumultuous suggestions of nature's disruptions and up- 
heavals, contrast strangely with the peaceful repose of 
the green ribbon of valley through which flows the 
Merced, and produce mingled feelings of reverence, 
wierdness and sublimity. The region is attracting greater 
attention year by year, especially since the difficulties 
of reaching it have disappeared, or been diminished to 
mere pleasurable exertion. 

All stage-riding is by daylight, and by strong, easy and 
handsome coaches. The entrance into the valley is made 
by Inspiration Point, with the views of El Capitan, 
Cathedral Rocks and Spires, Bridal Veil Fall and other 
points of interest, about mid-day. 

Those desiring to stop on the route will find an ex- 
cellent hotel, fishing, and riding-horses, at the Big Trees ; a 
view of which is absolutely essential to the completeness 
of the tour. 

Distances are : San Francisco to LathrSp, 94 ; Lathrop 
to Madera, 91 ; Madera to Big Tree Station, 66 ; Big Tree 
Station (Clark's) to Yosemite, 24 ; Total, 275 miles. Stop- 
pages over night at Madera and Clark's. Sleeping coaches 
on Yosemite train. 

Train leaves San Francisco for Yosemite daily at 4 P. M. 



HERMANN, The Hatter, 

HAS THE LARGEST STOCK OF 




ill Oi' 



TO CHOOSE FROM ON THIS COAST. 

lis Mats are known to be the Mest made, and his 
JPrices the Lowest ^Possible. 

336 KEARNEY STREET, NEAR PINE. 

Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 

D. H. ALLEN & CO. 



r^=^ IMPORTERS AND x^-5 

Wholesale Liquor Dealers, 

322 and 324 Front Street, 

SAN FRANCISCO. 



DOXEY & GO. 

Booksellers and Stationers, 

691 MARKET STREET, (Nucleus Building,) S. F. 

BOOKR. ) r STATIONERY. 

All the New Publications. f Q-n-npr a -r mr-riO J Fine Paper and Envelopes. 

Choice Antiquarian Books. f urilLlALilljO. ] Commercial Stationery. 

Medical and Scientific Books. ) ( Engraving, Printing and Stamping. 

Special Agents on the Pacific Coast for Mr. Bernard Quaritch, of London. 

Orders from the country solicited. Books sent by mail post free. 



ISELL PIANOS 



It ^ ITI- 

^^ H^ ■ H ■ LARGEST IK THE WOULD: 

■^ ■mH ■ ■ Most Patents, Premiums. 

■ ■I ■ ^B B ■ Durable. 20,000 New and Second 

M|^R B ^1 H ■ hand Pianos, $60 to $1500. In- 

j^^^Mt W ^H B H, STAI.MEKT OR TO Rent, Journal 
Free. $300 Organs. $75. T. M. ANTISELL & CO., 

Agents Wanted. Cor. Market and Powell, S. F, Cai. 



<D 

S" 

XJ 

a> 

&- 
o 

r-H 

o 






^/\TURAL«CHAf, 




530 WASHINGTONST S.F. CAL. 






o 
o 

CD 

4 



The Yo-Semite Valley Hotel, 

(Formerly Black's Hotel,) 

Yo-Semite Valley, Mariposa County, 



CALIFORNIA. 



CONKECTED WITH THIS HOTEL ARE 



^ct\r path goom6, §elcgraph §Micc, §tage ^Mcc, and 

^ell6, ^argo Sf go'6 gxprc66. 

This Hotel is picturesquely situated among the large Pines, immediately 
opposite the great Yo-Semite Fall, and in close proximity to numerous other 
points of interest, the view being grand and unsurpassed. 

WRIGHT & COOKE, PROPRIETORS. 



WijimT^i^z jnid pmEii^Y. 



In addition to a large stock of 

patched, giamond^, ge^^relrij, 

Silverware, Clocks, Opera Glasses, Etc, 

Constantly on hand, and which we offer at a very moderate advance, we have 

just completed 

^ NE\\r FA.CTORY 

FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EVERY VARIERY OF 

JEWELRY. DIAMOND SETTINGS AND QUARTZ WORK. 

To persons wishing anything made to order, such as 

Pins, Ear Rings, Buttons, Chains, Ssals, Lookets. 

Bracelets, Cane Heads, Match-Boxes, 

Medals, Rings, Badges, Etc. 

We will furnish the articles required at very low priecs. 

We mark all goods in plain figures, and have but one price, and customers 
can be assured that orders will be answered with as much care and on as close 
terms as though dealing with us in person. 

GEO. C. SHREVE &. CO. 

110 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. 

1^ Goods sent C. 0. D. to any part of the country. 



* 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



017 169 307 




"f 



